(g) Acids, bases and salt preparations (Content in blue is not required for Double Award Science) |
2.34 know the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water:
- common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble
- all nitrates are soluble
- common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II)
- common sulfates are soluble, except for those of barium, calcium and lead(II)
- common carbonates are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
- common hydroxides are insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)
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2.35 understand acids and bases in terms of proton transfer |
2.36 understand that an acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor |
2.37 describe the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid with metals, bases and metal carbonates (excluding the reactions between nitric acid and metals) to form salts |
2.38 know that metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases, and that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water |
2.39 be able to describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an insoluble reactant |
2.40C be able to describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt, starting from an acid and alkali |
2.41C be able to describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt, starting from two soluble reactants |
2.42 know how to prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals starting from copper(II) oxide |
2.43C know how to prepare a sample of pure, dry lead(II) sulfate |